Posts Tagged Indian Ocean

23 Sperm Whales Together

Continuing with my efforts to make progress with photo editing…thought I’d share this image.

There are 23 sperm whales (Physeter macrocephalus) here.

23 sperm whales together (Physeter macrocephalus)
There are 23 sperm whales in this photo!

There were more in the area, up to maybe 100 or so, but it was difficult to establish a firm count, given how spread out the whales were.

The reason this shot is from behind the whales is that they passed all around me. In other words, there were on all sides, too scattered to get into a single frame until they passed and coalesced into this formation.

Besides the fact that there are 23(!) whales in one image, the whale with the open jaw makes the shot for me. Sperm whales are the largest odontocetes (toothed whales), which the open jaw underscores nicely.

This is one of the stories I intend to share (complete with wild gesticulations and punctuated expletives) at my upcoming presentation in Nantucket.

Blue Whale in the Blue

I’ve been home for a few days now (after three months solid on the road), and have just managed to get started with a bit of photo editing.

A little while ago, I finished cleaning up this photo of a blue whale, which I took last month:

Pygmy blue whale (Balaenoptera musculus brevicauda) in the Indian Ocean, south of Sri Lanka
Pygmy blue whale (Balaenoptera musculus brevicauda)
commencing its descent to forage for krill

Yes, the whale is in clear blue water, and yup, we are right next to each other, looking one another in the eye. Nice, eh?

In case you’re wondering, the characters 藍鯨 mean “blue whale” in Chinese. More specifically, they are the characters used in Taiwan. In mainland China, the characters are 蓝鲸, a slight difference.

I elected to use the Taiwanese characters because that’s where I’m originally from (to the extent that I have an “originally from” place).

Anyway, I labelled the photo with the Chinese characters in honour of my friends who were accompanying me at the time of this encounter, as they are from China and Taiwan.

Even though all of us are Chinese, we have a variety of backgrounds, so we communicated through a mix of English, Mandarin, Japanese and even some Taiwanese, a language I haven’t really used in over 25 years.

That served to keep us on our toes and ensure that everyone (eventually) understood everything, except, of course, for the guys driving the boat and taking great care of us, who seemed to laugh a lot with us (or was it at us?).

So I’m going to be at home for the next few weeks, which will be a nice change of pace. Besides catching up on work and getting back in shape for the second half of the year, at the top of my to-do list is to write about some of the amazing stuff I’ve seen and photographed in recent months.

I’ve been so busy that I haven’t had the time or energy to write as much as I’d like, so I’m going to make up for a little bit of that in the coming weeks, starting with some mind-boggling, absolutely insane(!!!) images and stories from Palau.

I don’t want to jump the gun, but if you’ve ever wondered what it’s like to be in midst of thousands of spawning fish, big ones at that…stay tuned.

Oh…and of course…there will be more whale photos coming too.

Me At Work

My friend Richard took this picture yesterday…of me hanging in the water watching a bunch of sperm whales cruise by:

tony wu photographing sperm whales
Me with a bunch of sperm whales

It was an amazing experience. There were perhaps over a hundred whales in total, though they were split up in multiple groups covering a wide area.

Whale Poo-ed Again

This just happened a few hours ago:

Group of sperm whales, with one defecating<br />
Group of sperm whales (Physeter macrocephalus), with one defecating

You know? I really seem to have a knack for getting poo-ed on by whales.

Feeling Blue

Time to head out again. But before I do, I thought I’d share a couple of recent photos of blue whales, as partial offset for the silliness of my two previous posts.

blue whale (Balaenoptera musculus brevicauda) diving into the blue
Adult blue whale diving into the blue

As you can see, the time of day, visibility and quality of light determines the mood of an image. Even though both whales are diving, the feeling conveyed by each photo is completely different.

Lunging blue whale (Balaenoptera musculus brevicauda)
Lunging blue whale, fluke slicing through the water

With natural light photography, you can’t pick your light, but you can, and should, try to get into position to make the best use of whatever light is available. Assuming your subjects cooperate of course.

Note: Photos taken with permit.

My First Risso’s Dolphin

I don’t think these are particularly rare animals, but a few days ago is the first time I’ve come across a pod of Risso’s dolphins. They were body-surfing in the swells, clearly having a good time.

Risso's dolphin (Grampus griseus)
Risso’s dolphin (Grampus griseus)

Managed to get a few snapshots of these odd-looking cetaceans. They sort of look as if some over-ambitious person gave them a thorough scrubbing over with steel wool!

Green Turtle. Dead.

Some things just suck.

This is a juvenile green turtle (Chelonia mydas) that appears to have been killed by a fishing line and hook:

green turtle killed by fishing line
Juvenile green turtle killed by a fishing line and hook

We came across the carcass floating in the middle of the ocean. It was probably about 70cm in length…in other words, clearly a young turtle.

The flesh in the head area had either been eaten or had otherwise fallen off, leaving just a skull for the most part.

That’s my left hand in the photo. I’m holding the blue fishing filament that was entangled around the turtle’s head and neck. The clump of flesh below my hand is a piece of the turtle caught on the fishing hook.

A single careless act by one person = a lost life for an endangered turtle species.

Some things just suck.

Making Lemonade

When you’re dealing with Mother Nature, you can’t always get what you want. Yesterday was a perfect example.

Blue whale (Balaenoptera musculus) in Sri Lanka
Blue whale (Balaenoptera musculus) in low visibility

It was my first day on the water in about a month and a half, so I was full of anticipation and brimming with energy. As fortune would have it, Mother Nature decided to throw a major kink into my day…in the form of horrific visibility.

The visibility was so bad that I literally missed seeing whales that swam right by me. Several times. Sheesh.

Well, instead of becoming frustrated and sullen, I recalled a quaint snippet of folk wisdom: “When you’re given lemons, make lemonade.”

I had planned for crystal-clear, tropical-blue water, so I had to completely re-think my strategy, which involved switching lenses and adjusting my approach plan in the water.

The result is a series of images like the one above…moody, atmospheric, full of grain and backscattery goop (isn’t it great how I just make up words as I go along?).

I had to sleep on the photos for a night before evaluating them, as I was still bummed out about the visibility, but the more I look at the pictures, the more I like them.

I picked the one above as my favourite…my first officially approved photo of the year.

Anyway, if you’re on a photo excursion and find yourself facing adverse conditions, consider it a challenge and see if you can brew up a nice batch of cool, refreshing lemonade.

Note: Photograph taken under permit.

The Soul of an Image

On one level, this is a photograph of a female sperm whale executing a playful flick of her fluke at the ocean surface.

female sperm whale at ocean surface
Stories are to images as souls are to people

The thing about photography though, at least for me, is that images should be about more than just taking a snapshot of a particular moment in time.

Compelling photos, those that make you sit and stare for a while, are ones that convey stories. In fact, the more intricate the stories are, and the “deeper” (excuse the pun) the tales go…the more memorable the image.

Take the photo above. It’s by no means the most exciting picture of a sperm whale I’ve ever taken, but I like it…in large part because there are multiple stories embedded within the image.

I could, for instance, describe the immediate experience of having a 12-metre toothed cetacean swim up, take a look at you, then saunter off in a nonchalant manner. Woohoo!

Or…to look beyond the actual encounter…I could tell you about the series of events that led up to this face-to-face rendezvous: the dozens of whales we came across, the interactions among them, and how this particular individual seemed to fit in to the cetacean family’s activities for the day.

To go beyond even that, I could tell you about the hundreds of hours I’ve devoted over the years to sitting and waiting for whales like this…enduring extreme boredom in the process but also loving every second.

I could elaborate, and talk about how little knowledge we have about large marine mammals in general, because…well…they just don’t spend much time in places and conditions that make it easy for us to observe them. And even when they do, they often have more pressing matters to attend to than entertaining inquisitive landlubbers.

I could tell you about how this whale and its family group were similar to, and different from, other sperm whale families I’ve encountered in the past.

I could tell you about the first time I met a sperm whale, about how scared I was due to ignorance (they do have big mouths and big teeth, after all); how it decided to take my leg into its mouth (which, naturally, exacerbated my trepidation); and how I finally ended up making friends with the inquisitive animal (after taking back possession of all my limbs), resulting an experience that literally changed the course of my life.

Stepping back even more, I could tell you about the sad history of men and leviathans, about how “intelligent” humans, for many years, saw these majestic animals as a source of blubber and spermaceti…used to make truly important things like margarine.

My point is this: Stories are to images as souls are to people.

There has been and continues to be a lot of chatter on the net about gear…new cameras, different formats, amazing lenses, manufacturer A vs. manufacturer B, lighting modifiers, and so forth.

Gear is important. There is no question about it.

But when it comes time to create an image, it’s what you do with the gear that matters. It’s the story/ stories you convey.

In the final analysis, it’s the soul of the image that counts, not your choice of hardware.

Sperm Whale Taking a Breath

If you’re reading this, it probably won’t come as much of a surprise to you, but whales are not fish. They’re mammals, and they need to breathe air, just like us.

Yeah…I know. It’s something that should be obvious, but it’s amazing how often otherwise well-educated people ask me about what it’s like to swim with “such a big fish”. I guess it’s just a symptom of how little humanity collectively understands about the ocean. Sigh.

Anyway, here’s a photograph of a very relaxed sperm whale coming up for a breath of fresh air after diving down to forage for food:

Sperm whale surfacing to take a breath
Sperm whale surfacing from the deep to take a breath of air

If you look carefully, you can just make out the whitish area around the jaw of another sperm whale behind this beautiful female. The pair came up together, chilled out for a bit, then headed back down to the deep blue.

If you ever come across a sperm whale or two at the surface, take some time to look around. These whales often synchronise their dives and surface intervals, so when you see one, there’s a reasonable chance that are there more within visual range.

More About the Mad Manta

I just received more feedback relating to my baffling experience of being rammed by a manta ray.

One of the people I wrote to was kind enough to post a link to my story on the Elasmo-L discussion list, and another person was nice enough to forward a couple of the responses (Thanks David, Lydie!).

The two responses are from Dr. Giuseppe Notarbartolo di Sciara (President, Tethys Research Institute) and Dr. Samuel H Gruber (University of Miami Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences and Bimini Biological Field Station).

With permission from both researchers, I’m posting their comments below (unedited except removal of cc: lists and email addresses) because they mention instances in which sounds may have been made by other rays, specifically eagle rays and cownose rays.

One description in particular cited by Giuseppe struck a chord, as it closely describes what I heard: “one or more loud, sharp clicks, commonly in pairs and sometimes in longer trains resembling scrapes”.

I realise none of this proves that rays can make sounds, but it’s comforting to know that I may not be the only person who’s hearing things.

Manta ray making sound and then colliding into me.
Manta ray after hitting me. Those are my feet and fins.

From: Samuel H Gruber
Sent: Tuesday, 19 April 2011 13:05
To: Giuseppe Notarbartolo di Sciara; David Shiffman
Subject: Re: [Elasmo-L] Do manta rays vocalize?

Hi Tony: Phil Lobel and Valentina de Santo have been collaborating with me to see if indeed eagle rays produce sounds. At the moment we are trying to develop on-board recording devices combined with acoustic transmitters. A decade ago we did a couple of papers on eagle ray social behavior and ethology.

M. J. Corcoran and S. H. Gruber 1999. The use of photoidentification to study social organization of the spotted eagle ray, Aetobatus narinari (Euphrasen 1790), at Bimini, Bahamas: a preliminary report. Bahamas J. Sci. 7(1):21-27

W. R. Silliman & S.H. Gruber. 1999. Behavioral biology of the spotted eagle ray, Aetobatus narinari (Euphrasen, 1790), in Bimini, Bahamas; an interim report. Bahamas J. Sci. 7(1): 13-20

Our goal was to investigate possible bioacoustics in A. narinari. We were prompted by cinematographer Pete Zuccarini who like you had recorded what he thought were high pitched whistles in the vicinity of eagle rays he was filming. So a decade later we are revisiting this question (if we can develop the hardware). But as Dr. Notobarlo di Sciara noted, I found it very interesting that another (captive) relative, the cownose ray was said to produce sounds when prodded.

As for comments about mantas not producing sounds or attacking: Remember you can never prove a negative. I agree with keeping an open mind as well as healthy skepticism. Not that much is known about young mantas (which are related to eagle and cownose rays) or their behavior or physiology probably due to their size and difficulty of study. I can imagine a scenario where young mantas might have evolved an antipredator suite which includes intense sound and aggressive head butting behavior to ward off predators such as sharks. Sharks are particularly sensitive to intense low frequency sounds in the range of 100-1000 Hz. Juveniles of the huge rays might be perfectly good prey for larger sharks and having such an hypothetical antipredator suite could be of great survival value.

The work continues….
doc

Dr. Samuel H. Gruber
Division of Marine Biology and Fisheries
Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences
University of Miami 33149-1098
and
Bimini Biological Field Station
9300 SW 99 St
Miami FL 33176-2050

http://www.miami.edu/sharklab

—– Original Message —–
From: Giuseppe Notarbartolo di Sciara
To: David Shiffman
Sent: Monday, April 18, 2011 9:15 AM
Subject: Re: [Elasmo-L] Do manta rays vocalize?

David,

To the best of my knowledge, elasmobranchs are amongst the least loquacious of marine vertebrates, and the only reference to elasmobranch “vocalizations” to the best of my knowledge comes from Fish and Mowbray’s 1970 account of cownose rays emitting, after having been strongly prodded, “one or more loud, sharp clicks, commonly in pairs and sometimes in longer trains resembling scrapes, … “. No vocalizations have ever been noted in any mobulid.

This said, my policy when faced with the unknown is usually one of humility and open-mindedness. Mobulids are rarely kept in captivity, and vocalizations from the more common cownose rays might be easier to detect. I would be surprised to learn that mantas make noises, and would be at a loss imagining what would they make noises with. However, mantas are surprising animals, with exceedingly large brains which may serve social functions, and these in turn could be mediated by sound. My best advice to divers and scientists is, keep your ears (and minds) open.

Best,

Giuseppe

How To Sex A Sperm Whale

A few people have written me to ask how I know if a sperm whale is female or male.

In general, family units of sperm whales comprise mature females together with juvenile and baby whales. According to everything I’ve read about sperm whales, such family units tend to be found in temperate and tropical regions.

When little boy sperm whales get bigger and become young men, they leave these groups and travel to colder climates (north in the northern hemisphere, south in the southern), where they presumably go to eat a lot, hang out with the other boys, and get ready to return at some point to seek out mate(s).

By the time male sperm whales return to lower latitudes for reproduction, they’re big. Absolutely humongous. Think of it this way:

Mature bull sperm whale: female or immature sperm whale
=
Sumo wrestler: figure skater

So from a practical point of view, when you see a big boy, there’s no mistake.

It’s also possible to differentiate by “looking under the skirt”, so to speak, as pictured below:

female sperm whale with mammary glands visible
See the whale’s mammary glands adjacent to the genital slit?

You can see two small mammary slits adjacent to the larger genital slit. Boy whales don’t have those.

This is a pattern common to many (perhaps all?) cetaceans. Dolphins and humpback whales I’ve been in the water with, for example, have a similar morphology, making it easy to identify a given whale’s sex…provided that they’re not shy, of course.